What term is used to describe cancerous abnormal cell growth that can spread to other body sites?

The term that describes cancerous abnormal cell growth capable of spreading to other body sites is "malignant." This designation is critical in oncology because malignant tumors possess characteristics that enable them to invade surrounding tissues, metastasize to distant sites, and cause significant harm to the host's body. Unlike benign tumors, which are typically localized and do not spread, malignant tumors exhibit uncontrolled growth and a tendency to infiltrate neighboring tissues.

Understanding this distinction is key in cancer diagnosis and treatment planning, as malignant growths generally require more aggressive therapeutic interventions, including surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, aimed at controlling or eradicating the cancer and preventing its spread. This knowledge forms the foundation for nursing care approaches towards oncology patients, where monitoring and managing potential metastasis are essential parts of patient assessment and care.