What does the term ‘extravasation’ mean in the context of chemotherapy?

Extravasation refers to the inadvertent leakage of chemotherapy drugs into the surrounding tissue. This can occur when an intravenous (IV) line used to administer chemotherapy becomes dislodged or if the vein becomes damaged. When chemotherapy agents, which can be highly irritative or toxic, escape into the surrounding tissue, they can cause local damage, pain, inflammation, or even necrosis. This is particularly crucial in the context of oncology nursing because prompt identification and management are significant for minimizing complications and preserving the integrity of the affected area. Understanding this term is critical for ensuring patient safety and effective treatment when it comes to the administration of chemotherapy.